Buttigieg Suspends: What Happens Now?

What happens to his delegates?

He gets to keep whatever delegates he has (and retain the right of approval over them when they are chosen between now and June), but the delegates themselves are free to vote for whomever they like on the first ballot.

They’re essentially old-style superdelegates.

When and where are his delegates chosen?

New Hampshire District (6 delegates): already chosen.  They are:

Shanika Amarakoon
Alec Momenee-Duprie
Giovanna Komst
Johnnie Christensen
Kathleen O'Donnell
Alan Baker

Iowa District (9 delegates): District Conventions, April 13

New Hampshire At-Large/PLEO (3 delegates): chosen on April 25 by the 6 district-level delegates.

Nevada (3 delegates): State Convention, May 30

Iowa At-Large/PLEO (4-5 delegates): State Convention, June 13.  (This is a full week after the final event in the Virgin Islands).

In prior years, when the Iowa and Nevada delegates weren’t pledged based on the caucus night results, it’s likely the later stages of the process would have reacted accordingly to Buttigieg’s suspension.  This year, the system ensures that Buttigieg keeps his delegates (and effectively makes superdelegates out of them.)

Finally, note that if Buttigieg formally ends his campaign (not just suspends it) by the time one of these delegate selection processes rolls around, his At-Large delegates would be reapportioned among the other candidates as if he had not made it above the threshold.  It’s unclear whether this would happen with the PLEO or district delegates, as well.  Regardless, since the NH district delegates have already been chosen, he certainly gets to keep them.

What about early voting?

Buttigieg dropping out just two days before Super Tuesday means there may be a significant early vote for him in states that allow it.

Arkansas had early voting starting February 18 that ends tomorrow, March 2.
California had extensive early voting by mail starting February 3.
Colorado is almost exclusively vote-by-mail, starting February 10.  Ballots need to be received by 7PM on March 3, so the vast majority of the votes have already been cast.  (This may be Buttigieg’s best opportunity to get delegates after the end of his campaign).  There is some limited in-person voting on Tuesday.
Maine had no-excuse absentee voting starting February 3.  Maine has ranked-choice voting, but it is not used for delegate allocation purposes, so first-choice Buttigieg ballots are effectively wasted.
Minnesota had no-excuse absentee voting starting January 17.
North Carolina had early voting February 13-29, as well as no-excuse absentee voting starting January 13.
Oklahoma has no-excuse absentee voting by mail, as well as in-person days February 27-29.
Tennessee had early voting from February 12-25.
Texas had early voting February 18-28.
Utah is almost exclusively vote-by-mail, starting around February 11.  One could drop off one’s ballot in person ending February 28 (March 2 in select locations).  There is still in-person voting on Tuesday.  This is another possible place where Buttigieg may pick up a delegate or two.
Vermont had early and no-excuse absentee voting starting January 18.

On the other hand, Virginia, Massachusetts, Alabama, and American Samoa don’t allow early or no-excuse absentee voting, though absentee voting was of course available except in American Samoa.

For elections after Tuesday:

Democrats Abroad has early voting by mail and email from February 18 - March 10.

March 10 primaries:
Idaho has early voting ending March 6.  (The start varies by county, but began in Ada County on February 24.)
Michigan allows no-excuse absentee voting.
North Dakota allows voting by mail, January 20 - March 5.
Washington is a primarily vote-by-mail state, February 21-March 10.

March 17 primaries:
Arizona has early voting (in person and by mail) starting February 19.
Florida allows voting by mail; the ballots were mailed in early February.  Early voting starts no earlier than March 2.
Illinois allows no-excuse absentee voting, starting March 6.  Early voting varies by location, though Cook County will not start until March 2.
Ohio has no-excuse absentee and early voting, starting February 19.

April 4:
Alaska and Wyoming both have mail options that began in mid-February.  However, both states used ranked-choice voting, so the impact should be limited.

Problems With the Iowa Results

As was to be expected, the Iowa results don’t bear up to tight scrutiny; there were always going to be inconsistencies, and the close margin just magnifies them.  Among the issues:

1. The Iowa Democratic Party is not reading its own satellite caucus rules correctly.  It is weighting the satellite caucuses directly proportional to turnout, rather than through the baroque fictitious county delegate scheme in the delegate selection plan (where it’s a step function of the turnout with a hard cutoff).  Interpreting the rules correctly would hurt Sanders by about 3 SDEs.

2. Inconsistencies between the final alignment vote and the SDEs.  In principle, it should be possible to calculate one from the other (outside of really small precincts that elect a single delegate to their county convention).  This mostly holds true, except in around 90 precincts; fixing those errors would net Sanders around 5 SDEs.  Most of these errors are rounding or blatant numerical errors that would be easily fixable in a recanvass.  Others are harder; in some places, the viability threshold was calculated incorrectly; correcting this would make some groups inviable that honestly believed they were viable, and would have acted differently had they known they were not.

3. Certain precincts awarded too many SDEs (or too few) overall.  Scott County is the worst offender here, giving out more than 2 SDEs than it should.  I”m not really sure what the net result would be here of fixing these errors, but my best guess is less than 1 SDE in favor of Sanders.

4. Straight up reporting errors; there are likely cases where the reported results are wrong, and likely provably so, not just inconsistent.  The size and scope of these is hard to determine.

Overall, the winner in SDEs is essentially unknowable at this point.  Sanders can easily make a case for a recanvass, a recount, or a fight before the credentials committee later in the year, should he choose to do so.  I’m unlikely to award the last delegate from Iowa unless either Buttigieg or Sanders makes it clear they are not contesting it.

Preliminary Iowa Results

Given the results we have as of the evening of February 4 (projecting them out on the most simplistic level to the remaining precincts gives little difference, though remember we have zero results at all from the satellite caucuses):

Biden misses viability in CD 2, but gets it everywhere else.
Warren misses viability in CD 4 by a hair, but gets it everywhere else. (This could *very* easily change)
Klobuchar gets viability in CD 4, and nowhere else.

Total national delegates:
Buttigieg 14
Sanders 11
Warren 8
Biden 7
Klobuchar 1

Exceptionally close delegate calls (<1% differences):

Third place in CD 1 gets a delegate; Biden is ahead of Warren by less than 0.5%.
Biden only has 15.6% in CD3; if he drops below viability, Sanders picks up his delegate.
Warren is at 14.97% in CD4; if she gets to viability, she picks up a delegate from Buttigieg.
Biden is at 15.6% statewide; if he drops below viability, Sanders picks up 2 delegates and Buttigieg 1.

Best case Sanders scenario is Biden tanks in CD3 and statewide, and Warren gets above threshold in CD 4 (the Biden-Warren contest in CD1 is largely irrelevant), which would make the delegate count:

Sanders 14
Buttigieg 14
Warren 9
Biden 3
Klobuchar 1

A relatively aggressive call:

Buttigieg 13
Sanders 11
Warren 8
Biden 2
Klobuchar 1
Too Close to Call 6 

New York: April 28

Overview
274 Delegates (6.89% of total)
Closed Primary
61 At-Large
29 PLEO At-Large
184 by CD
Early Voting: April 18 - April 26.

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

Only registered Democrats may vote in the primary.  The voter registration deadline for new voters is April 3; for existing voters who want to change their voter enrollment from another party (or not enrolled) to Democratic, the deadline is February 14.

Early voting runs from April 18-April 26.  New York does not have no-excuse absentee voting.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is February 6.

Details

Groups of 61 and 29 delegates are allocated based on the statewide vote.  The CD delegates are distributed as follows: 8 for CDs 5,8,9,12,13,16; 7 for CDs 3,4,7,10,15,17,20,24,25,26; 6 for CDs 1,2,6,11,14,18,19,21,22,23,27.

Superdelegates

Biden (3): Gov. Andrew Cuomo, Rep. Tom Suozzi, Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney

Buttigieg (1): Rep. Kathleen Rice

Bloomberg (1): Rep. Max Rose

Sanders (1): Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Uncommitted (40): Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand [formerly Gillibrand], Sen. Chuck Schumer, Rep. Gregory Meeks, Rep. Grace Meng, Rep. Nydia Velázquez, Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, Rep. Yvette Clarke, Rep. Jerry Nadler, Rep. Carolyn Maloney [formerly Gillibrand], Rep. Adriano Espaillat, Rep. José E. Serrano, Rep. Eliot Engel, Rep. Nita Lowey, Rep. Antonio Delgado, Rep. Paul Tonko, Rep. Anthony Brindisi, Rep. Joseph Morelle, Rep. Brian Higgins, President Bill Clinton, Jay Jacobs, Christine Quinn, Stuart Appelbaum, Vivian Cook, Jennifer Cunningham, Maria Cuomo Cole, Hazel Duke, Emily Giske, Carl Heastie, Michael Reich, Gerard Sweeney, Robert Zimmerman, Charlie King, Christopher Lowe, Ai-Jen Poo, Randi Weingarten, Identity Unknown, Identity Unknown, Identity Unknown, Identity Unknown, Identity Unknown

Useful Links
The Green Papers
NY Delegate Selection Plan

Virgin Islands: June 6

The very last contest of the cycle; unlikely to receive much attention unless we’re on the way to a contested convention.

Overview
7 Delegates (0.18% of total)
Closed Caucus
7 At-Large

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

Caucuses will be held simultaneously on June 6, with one site each on St. Thomas, St. John, and St. Croix.  Any registered voter may participate in the caucus, provided they state that they prefer the Democratic party.  The voter registration deadline is May 5.  There is no absentee or early voting.

Ballot Access

There’s no ballot access considerations here, but candidates must certify they name of their authorized representatives to the VI Democratic Party by April 3.

Details

4 Delegates will be allocated based on the results on St. Croix; 3 Delegates will be allocated based on the results on St. Thomas and St. John.

Superdelegates

Uncommitted (6): Gov. Albert Bryan Jr., Del. Stacey Plaskett [formerly Harris], Cecil Benjamin, Carol M. Burke, Carla Joseph, Ernest Morris

Useful Links
The Green Papers
VI Delegate Selection Plan

South Dakota: June 2

Overview
16 Delegates (0.40% of total)
Semi-Open Primary
4 At-Large
2 PLEO At-Large
No-excuse absentee voting starts April 17.

Who Can Vote? When Can they Vote?

Any voter who is a registered Democrat, Independent, or has no party affiliation may participate in the primary.  The Republican primary (held the same day) is only open to Republicans.  There are state and local races on the primary ballot, as well.  The voter registration deadline is May 19.

South Dakota allows no-excuse absentee voting (and apparently early voting) starting on April 17.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is March 31.

Details

Groups of 10, 4, and 2 delegates are allocated based on the statewide vote.

Superdelegates

Biden (1): Tom Daschle

Uncommitted (4): Paula Hawks, Randy Seiler, Deb Knecht, William Walsh

Useful Links
The Green Papers
SD Delegate Selection Plan

New Mexico: June 2

Overview
34 Delegates (0.85% of total)
Closed Primary
7 At-Large
4 PLEO At-Large
23 by CD
Early Voting: May 5-30

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

Only registered Democrats may participate in the primary.  The voter registration deadline is May 2.  17-year-olds who turn 18 by November 3 may participate in the primary.

New Mexico has early voting starting on May 5 and ending on May 30; the number of locations expands starting May 16.

New Mexico allows no-excuse absentee voting beginning no later than May 11.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is March 16.

Details

Groups of 7 and 4 delegates are allocated based on the statewide vote.  The CD delegates are distributed as follows: 7 for CDs 1,3; 5 for CD 2.

Superdelegates

Warren (1): Rep. Deb Haaland

Uncommitted (10): Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, Sen. Martin Heinrich, Sen. Tom Udall, Rep. Xochitl Torres Small, Rep. Ben Ray Luján, Fred Harris, Marg Elliston, Marcus Porter, Joni Marie Gutierrez, Raymond Sanchez

Useful Links
The Green Papers
NM Delegate Selection Plan (draft)

New Jersey: June 2

Overview
126 Delegates (3.17% of total)
Semi-Open Primary
28 At-Large
14 PLEO At-Large
84 by District
Early Voting by mail starts around April 18.

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

Only registered Democrats and unaffiliated voters can participate in the primary; unaffiliated voters who participate will become affiliated with the Democratic primary.  The voter registration deadline for new voters is June 2; the deadline to switch party affiliations is April 13.

New Jersey allows early voting by mail, starting around April 18.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is March 30.

Details

Groups of 28 and 14 delegates are allocated based on the statewide vote.  The District delegates are not apportioned by CD, but instead by “delegate district”; each delegate district comprises two state legislative districts.  District delegates are distributed as follows: 4 for LDs 4/5, 6/7, 14/15, 16/17, 21/27, 20/22, 28/29, 31/33, 34/35, 37/38; 3 for LDs 1/3, 2/9, 8/12, 10/30, 11/13, 18/19, 23/24, 25/26, 32/36, 39/40.

Superdelegates

Biden (2): Rep. Tom Malinowski, Rep. Donald Payne Jr.

Uncommitted (18): Gov. Phil Murphy, Sen. Bob Menendez, Sen. Cory Booker, Rep. Donald Norcross,
Rep. Andy Kim, Rep. Josh Gottheimer, Rep. Frank Pallone, Rep. Albio Sires, Rep. Bill Pascrell, Rep. Mikie Sherrill, Rep. Bonnie Watson Coleman, John Currie, Peg Schaffer, Tonio Burgos, John Graham, Marcia Marley, Bernadette McPherson, George Norcross III.

Jeff Van Drew is obviously no longer a superdelegate.

All uncommitted supers except Burgos and Marley had endorsed Booker.

Useful Links
The Green Papers
Delegate Selection Plan

Montana: June 2

Overview
19 Delegates (0.48% of total)
Open Primary
4 At-Large
2 PLEO At-Large
13 by District
No-excuse absentee voting starts no later than May 4.

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

All registered voters can participate in the primary.  There is a GOP primary on the same day, and state and local races are on the ballot as well.

Montana has no-excuse absentee voting, both in-person and by mail, starting no later than May 4.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is March 9.

Details

Groups of 4 and 2 delegates are allocated based on the statewide vote.  The district delegates are divided into two pools, one corresponding to the Western half of the state (with 6 delegates), and the other to the Eastern (with 5 delegates).

The Western district comprises Beaverhead, Broadwater, Deer Lodge, Flathead, Glacier, Granite,
Jefferson, Lake, Lewis & Clark, Lincoln, Madison, Mineral, Missoula, Pondera, Powell,
Ravalli, Sanders and Silver Bow Counties.

The Eastern district comprises Big Horn, Blaine, Carbon, Carter, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Daniels,
Dawson, Fallon, Fergus, Gallatin, Garfield, Golden Valley, Hill, Judith Basin, Liberty,
McCone, Meagher, Musselshell, Park, Petroleum, Phillips, Powder River, Prairie,
Richland, Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sheridan, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Teton, Toole,
Treasure, Valley, Wheatland, Wibaux and Yellowstone Counties.

Superdelegates

Uncommitted (6): Gov. Steve Bullock [formerly Bullock], Sen. Jon Tester [formerly Bullock], Robyn Driscoll, Max Croes, Jorge Quintana, Jean Dahlman

Useful Links
The Green Papers
MT Delegate Selection Plan (Draft)

District of Columbia: June 2

Overview
20 Delegates (0.50% of total)
Closed Primary
5 At-Large
2 PLEO At-Large
13 by Municipal District
Early Voting: May 18-May 29.
No excuse absentee voting starts around April 17.

Who Can Vote? When Can They Vote?

Only registered Democrats may participate in the election.  New voters may register on the day of the election, but existing voters who want to become Democrats must re-register by May 12.  Local primaries are held on the same day.

DC holds early voting from May 22 - May 29; early voting is available even earlier (May 18) at One Judiciary Square.  DC allows no-excuse absentee voting, starting around April 17.

Ballot Access

The filing deadline is March 4.

Details

Groups of 5 and 2 delegates are allocated based on the district-wide vote.  DC’s “District” delegates are allocated based on the results in each “municipal district”: 7 for MD1 (Wards 1,2,6,8) and 6 for MD2 (Wards 3,4,5,7).

Superdelegates

Sanders (2): Larry Cohen, James J. Zogby

Biden (1): Symone Sanders

Buttigieg (1): Keith Michael Harper

Steyer (1): Jeff Berman

Uncommitted (21): Mayor Muriel Bowser, Shadow Senator Paul Strauss, Shadow Senator Mike Brown, Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, Charles E. Wilson, Linda L. Gray, Silvia Martinez, Jack Evans, James Joseph Boland, Calla R. Brown, Roxanne D. Brown, Maria Cardona, Alexandra Chalupa, J. David Cox, Leah Daughtry, Joanne Dowdell, Earl D. Fowlkes Jr., Lily L. Eskelsen Garcia, Harold Ickes, Claire Lucas, Minyon Moore, Carol Pensky, Carrie Pugh, Steve Regenstreif, Lee A. Saunders, Rick C. Wade.  This is more than 21 names; five of the listed superdelegates are likely not actually superdelegates.  I suspect James Zogby may be one of them.

Useful Links
The Green Papers
DC Delegate Selection Plan